ABSTRACT
Psoriasis is an auto-immune skin disease, which is characterized by the excessive generation of plaques on the skin with typically a long-lasting red, itchy and scaly symptoms. Imiquimod, which has been used for the treatment of external genital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinoma, induced of psoriasis-like skin disorders with skin erythema and thickness in mice. In the present study, we tried to find the bioactive herbal extract against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. During the searching of the herbal extract with anti-psoriatic effect, the ethanolic extract of Cnidium officinale ameliorated imiquimodinduced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. The morphological evaluation, H&E staining and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score showed that ear and back thickness, and erythema induced by imiquimod were significantly reversed after the treatment of the cream of the ethanolic extract of C. officinale. The overexpressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and keratin 6A levels were decreased by the treatment of C. officinale cream. Also, IFN-γ, c-fos and IκB-α mRNA levels, which are related to the progression of psoriasis, were reduced by C. officinale cream. Thus, the ethanolic extract of C. officinale ameliorated psoriasis-like skin disorder induced by imiquimod and might be the therapeutic agent for psoriasis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Cnidium , Condylomata Acuminata , Ear , Erythema , Ethanol , Keratin-6 , Keratosis, Actinic , Peroxidase , Psoriasis , RNA, Messenger , Skin Diseases , SkinABSTRACT
A press release recently reported a case in which legal decisions, regarding the stay of execution of a criminal sentence, and the extension of this stay, were made based on medical certificates, containing a definitive medical history, prepared and issued by a family doctor. Thereafter, the family doctor who prepared these medical certificates was accused of being guilty of a crime related to the preparation of a number of false medical certificates and has been subject to adjudication for this crime. Under the circumstances, having recognized that a medical certificate would be considered the significant basis for making a decision regarding the determination of damages of a civil nature and the determination of confinement in cases of a criminal nature, as well as of the stay of execution of sentences related to the restriction of physical freedom, a doctor is required to accurately describe a patient's medical status and other general facts when preparing a medical certificate, and if a doctor has cooperated with other specialists during the treatment of a specific disease, the medical certificate is required to honor and reflect such specialists' judgment. Furthermore, information regarding either a patient's previous treatment history or any complications developed in the future is to be included in a medical certificate only when these matters are directly related to the patient's current health status from a clinical perspective.